Causes Of Enlightenment - 1636 Words

The French Revolution is known as one of the most significant events in world history. With the perfect culmination of economic woes and the spreading of new, radical ideas, revolution was inevitable. The cause of the French Revolution can be attributed to many things. However, the most significant cause of this great historical event is the Enlightenment. This essay examines how Enlightenment thinking forever altered the role of the government and its policies in the lives of the French people. Prior to the French Revolution, King Louis XVI was the head of the ancien rà ©gime; he made up the social, economic, and political structure in France and had absolute reign. When he inherited the throne in 1774, at the young age of twenty, it came†¦show more content†¦Some of the ideals broached upon by philosophes like Montesquieu, Rousseau, and John Locke involved democracy, citizenship, and human rights. The works created by the philosophes of the time deeply influenced the sentiments of the economical, social, and political aspects of society and were a direct cause of the French Revolution. One of the Enlightenment thinkers whose work had a deep impact on society and the structure of government is John Locke. In his Second Treatise of Government, Locke touches upon multiple themes of great import to the French Revolution including individualism, the role of property, and the effect absolutism has on personal freedom. He begins his work with a description of the state of nature. In this state, a state of equality, no one has power over another and they can do as they please. Locke goes on to say, â€Å"No one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions,† which posits that liberty does not equal permission to abuse others. So even in the state of nature, natural law does exist and these natural laws are universal. As the text continues, Locke critics absolutism when he states, â€Å"A liberty to follow my own will in all things where that rule prescribes not, not to be subject to the inconstant, uncertain, unknown, arbitrary will of another m an, as freedom of nature is to be under no other restraint but the law of Nature.† It is notShow MoreRelatedCauses Of The Enlightenment998 Words   |  4 Pagesquestioning the ways of life that’s been followed for a thousand years. Philosophers looked, thought, and wrote about how the society could change for the better. The time period takes place mainly in Europe and it’s known as the Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment happened, but how did it start, and what were the factors that lead to it? The first factor that led to the era was the invention of the printing press by Johann Gutenberg in 1455. Books, articles, and other paper materialsRead MoreEnlightenment Ideas And Causes Of The French Revolution988 Words   |  4 PagesThere were two main reasons the French Revolution started; the Enlightenment Ideas and the social inequality of the moment. The commoners outraged and fought against Louis XVI and the absolute monarchy of the moment. There are several things that caused the French Revolution. One of them are the Enlightenment ideas, all this ideas of freedom and liberty for the people, equal rights and fair treatment for everyone. Most of the Enlightenment ideas originate in French territory. Another reasons whyRead MoreTo What Extent Was the Enlightenment the Cause of the French Revolution3952 Words   |  16 PagesTo what extent were Enlightenment ideas responsible for the outbreak of the French Revolution and the reforms of 1789? Included sources attached: John Locke, â€Å"Two Treatises on Government†, 1690; The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizens, 1789; Arthur Young â€Å"Travels in France during the Years 1787, 1788, 1789† The ancien rà ©gime, the time before the outbreak of the revolution, was divided into three estates. The first estate, for the people of the highest position in France belongedRead MoreAssess the View That the Enlightenment Had Been the Main Cause of the French Revolution.1984 Words   |  8 PagesAssess the view that the Enlightenment had been the main cause of the French Revolution. The French Revolution of 1789 was inarguably a significant turning point in the history of Europe. However, there have been historical debates over the major contributing factor that had caused the French Revolution. Many historians have argued that the French Revolution was sparked by the emerging new age ideas of Enlightenment in the 18th century, which encouraged people to think logically and critically aboutRead MoreKarl Marx And Manifesto Comparison Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pages Philosophy has shaped the world in almost everything we have done. Philosophy causes everyone to at least question the norms of society and situations. This makes a healthy pattern for society. If we never were to question anything we would just be blind sheep who follow whatever they are told. Many philosophers challenge the norms in a hope to make things better. Karl Marx and Buddha were very influential people in the world of Philosophy and are some of the pioneers of challenging the routineRead MoreTo What Extent Was The Enlightenment The Main Driving Force Behind The American And French Revolutions?1479 Words   |  6 PagesI. Source Evaluation This investigation focuses on the causes of Atlantic Revolutions and will explore the question: To what extent was the Enlightenment the main driving force behind the American and French Revolutions? The years 1685 to 1815 (Strayer, 2011) will be the focus of this investigation to allow for an analysis of the Enlightenment ideas’ impact the need for governmental change in the American colonies and France during the eighteenth century, as well as their governmental influencesRead MoreThe Significance Of The Enlightenment And Modern Judaism1420 Words   |  6 PagesQns 2. Explain and critically evaluate the significance of the Enlightenment to the development of modern Judaism. The Enlightenment and Modern Judaism Sapere aude! The Rise of the Enlightened man. The Enlightenment also known as the Haskalah movement began in the 18th century. In his 1784 essay entitled: â€Å"Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?†, Immanuel Kant (1959) described the Enlightenment as ‘‘man’s release from his self-incurred tutelage. Tutelage is man’s inability to make useRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Enlightenment1708 Words   |  7 PagesEnlightenment in Europe was a period in which ideas were legitimately from one country to another. It is also known as civilization time where traditional authority was put to the question while embracing the notion of humanity to improve human change. The French revolution was directly in motivation by Enlightenment ideals which marked a peak of its influence and a beginning of its fall. The Enlightenment s imperative of the seventeenth-century forerunners incorporated the Englishmen Francis BaconRead MoreThe Life Of The Buddha936 Words   |  4 Pages2006). Buddhism develo ped and spread because of enlightenment as many people followed the Buddha and desired to find his inner peace . Buddha s main focus for him to reach enlightenment by following The Four Noble Truths. The Four Noble Truths were taught by the Buddha to his followers so they could do the same as him. In in the passage, it said, The Buddha then taught the five ascetics the Four Noble Truths. They are: the truth of suffering; its cause; its end; and the way to its end. EverythingRead MoreThe Dawn Of The Enlightenment By David Hume1740 Words   |  7 PagesThe dawn of the Enlightenment brought forth a slew of radical notions that challenged society’s dominant sentiments at the time. With the onslaught of conversations about the nature and purpose of humanity, Enlightenment thinkers conceived novel concepts of anti-authoritarian thinking, empiricism, and the role of reason in humanity. As the Enlightenment led to an upheaval in how intellectuals took the authority of traditional learning, new conversations about the human condition were born. Namely

The Importance Of A Good Society - 1596 Words

Confucius would describe a person as someone who respects his elders, have lots of love, be truthful, earnest, and a studious worker. A person might become like this by not offending his superiors, keep attention on business, and is led by the laws not the heart. Propriety plays a big role in becoming a virtuous man because you have to conform to the laws put in place by the kings and the Gods. Ritual play has a role in becoming a virtuous man because you have to accept the religion of your people and you have to have a schedule of what your day will be filled with. A low level of education and learning comes through this text because they only learn and study when they have become a virtuous man. A filial piety is the respect for one’s ancestors, elders,and parents. It is important in Confucius’s understanding of a good society because they have wisdom that they can use to help younger generations. Virtue, filial piety, and learning relate to the larger task of creating good government and harmonious society. This is because they all teach people how to live in harmony because they will be focused on themselves, loving others, and learning how to be better than their ancestors that they will not care about war and fighting with one another. Confucius understands the role of the supernatural as part of the journey to reaching inner peace. He believes that they spirits, gods, and ancestors will help guide you down the right path to all around peace. Krishna’s answer toShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Good Manners in Modern Society2661 Words   |  11 PagesTHE IMPORTANCE OF GOOD MANNERS Essay One of the first most visible characteristics that distinguish a person from the 21st century, from most of his predecessors, is the way in which our contemporaries behave themselves. Humanity has existed long enough on this Earth to understand, that there are certain unwritten laws, which govern our everyday life. It wouldn’t be a far-fetched statement if I say that obeying these universally accepted rules ensures if not a successful social life, thenRead MoreThe Importance of Good Manners in Modern Society2677 Words   |  11 PagesTHE IMPORTANCE OF GOOD MANNERS Essay One of the first most visible characteristics that distinguish a person from the 21st century, from most of his predecessors, is the way in which our contemporaries behave themselves. Humanity has existed long enough on this Earth to understand, that there are certain unwritten laws, which govern our everyday life. It wouldn’t be a far-fetched statement if I say that obeying these universally accepted rules ensures if not a successful social life, then at leastRead MoreThe Importance Of A Good Society Is Not Achieved By Chance Or By Default1446 Words   |  6 Pages The quantitative analysis of the merit of a society is one very multifaceted and complex task; however, one truth remains certain: a good society is not achieved by chance or by default. Each and every successful society has succeeded because at a certain point, members of the society acted collectively to create structure and organization. Universities and institutions, transportation networks, and public healthcare, are all structures that have been put in place to help individuals succeed inRead MoreThe Spirit, Ideals, And Values Of An Individual Can Express A Great Deal1086 Words   |  5 Pagesgreat deal about the society in which they inhabit. These aspects represent society’s guiding principles, showing our motivations, influences, and attitudes that we hold and act with. During the Counter-Reformation period, the very foundations of the world began to collapse. Italy was thrashed by Barbarians and the church structure was challenged, creating difficulty in keeping c ertain manners, ideals, and values unchanged. In an attempt to codify these aspects of society, Giovanni Della Casa wroteRead MoreAn Analysis Of Mill s Utilitarianism And The Impossibility Of The Purely Selfless910 Words   |  4 PagesImperative John Stuart Mill’s utilitarian philosophy defines the importance of maintaining the greater good of society through collective and individual actions. This type of consensus defines the social contract between the larger social order and the flexibility of these institutions to allow individual actors to amalgamate their opinions and viewpoints as part of healthy interaction in society. Mill defines the greater good of society as the primary goal of the happiness principle for all citizens:Read MoreImportance Of Gender Equality1124 Words   |  5 Pagesbehind in many issues in the society. Men have always been more considered as compared to women. Women have not been given opportunities they deserve in the society. They have not been offered a chance in education, work and leadership as they deserve. For instance, it is hard for a woman to be elected as a president in any country. Some people feel that women do not have right to lead and should not be given a chance. The trut h is that all genders are important in society. Both men and women have criticalRead MoreIndividualism or Collectivism in Society Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pagesideological group has had the greatest impact on modern society? Individualism or Collectivism. Terms: Individualism- when you value the freedom and worth of the individual, sometimes over the security and harmony of the group or a belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence Collectivism- is basically when you think that values and the goals of the group and the common good over the goals of any one individual are the most beneficialRead MoreThe And The Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1260 Words   |  6 PagesTherefore, societies should ensure that citizens are free to follow their individual desires for property because property is what ultimately determines the personality and value of each person in society. Nevertheless, totalitarian regimes are forced to restrain both intellectual and private property in order to ensure citizens follow the government’s revolutionary and oppressive rhetoric. Hence, this paper explores the role of property in two of the most well known fundamentalist societies in literatureRead MoreThe Importance Of Literature1246 Words   |  5 Pagesthroughout adulthood. Throughout the texts of â€Å"Heels over Hemingway†, â€Å"Why Literature Matters† , and â€Å"Good-bad books† all similarly argue the idea that Literature has changed over the years, due to the fact that American has changed as well effecting literature. For this reason Dowd, Orwell, and Gioia assert to their audience the importance of literature, and that it should have a place in society by utilizing rhetorical strategies such as analogy, ethos, pathos, logos, and diction. Generally speakingRead MoreThe Emergence Of Corporate Social Responsibility1619 Words   |  7 Pagesthe impact of their operations on the society and environment. Business initial response to CSR as displayed by Milton Friedman in 1970 when he termed CSR programmes as hypocritical window dressing and that any business working towards such activity was exposing their firms to suicidal impulses (Friedman, 1970). This had been a general view by lots of CSR sceptics. But time and events have raised contemplations on the validity of such claims. Since civil societies, non-governmental organisations (NGOs)

The Theme of Betrayal The Kite Runner free essay sample

Summer Reading: The Kite Runner Betrayal â€Å"I had one last chance to make a decision. One final opportunity to decide who I was going to be. I could step into that alley, stand up for Hassan, the way he’d stood up for me all those times in the past, and accept whatever would happen to me. Or I could run. In the end I ran. † (Pg. 77) This quote was an example of betrayal because Amir left Hassan by himself in the alley. He didn’t stick up for him like Hassan has done many times for him. He could’ve stopped them but instead he just stood there, watched for a while and then ran away. Amir could’ve walked into that alley and stopped everything although he might’ve got hurt, but what about all those times that Hassan has stood up for him? He pretended that he hadn’t seen the rape, but he was terrified that Hassan would know or worse, would show him devotion despite knowing. We will write a custom essay sample on The Theme of Betrayal: The Kite Runner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hassan himself didn’t say anything about what had happened, even though he was bleeding through his pants. Amir was not willing to sacrifice anything for Hassan. Amir’s selfishness takes him to forcing Hassan and Ali out of the house rather than the loss of Baba’s pride in him. Amir will always carry this guilt in his conscious. â€Å"Baba came right out and asked. â€Å"Did you steal that money? Did you steal Amir’s watch, Hassan? † Hassan’s reply was a single word, delivered in a thin, raspy voice: â€Å"Yes. † (Pg. 105) Hassan decides to take blame over something he didn’t do so he could protect Amir’s lie. Amir’s plan was to blame Hassan for stealing his watch so then Baba could kick them out. Once Hassan says he did take it, Baba forgives him for what he really hadn’t done. Amir’s guilt is what led him to having to lie to Baba so he could get rid of Hassan. Amir thought that once they left he wouldn’t have to worry about what he had seen in the past. He wouldn’t have to carry this guilt he had anymore. â€Å"He turned to me. A few sweat beads rolled from his bald scalp. Would I ever lie to you, Amir agha? Suddenly I decided to toy with him a little. â€Å"I don’t know. Would you? † â€Å"I’d sooner eat dirt,† he said with a look of indignation. â€Å"Really? You’d do that? † (Pg. 54) Amir is asking Hassan if he would eat dirt if he asked him to and Hassan said that if he asked him to, he would. This shows how much Hassan would do for Amir. Amir probably wouldn’t do the same for him, and this shows how cruel Amir can be with Hassan. He doesn’t defend Hassan from the neighborhood boys and almost blurts out that Hassan is only his servant and not a friend.

Karma Essay Example

Karma Essay Karma Karma moves in two directions. If we act virtuously, the seed we plant will result in happiness. If we act non-virtuously suffering results, said Saying Mayhap. I believe that Karma does exist and if you act a certain way towards others and yourself it will reflect on whats going to happen to you in the future. I believe that all your actions have an outcome whether they are good or bad. I think that if an individual believes in Karma they think things through more carefully and have more of a responsibility to act respectful towards other people. We will write a custom essay sample on Karma specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Karma specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Karma specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Karma has had a direct impact in my life. Eve seen this directly affect me in areas of hard work, respect, honesty and friendship. A hard worker is one who is industrious and diligent in carrying out tasks and duties. I believe that my dad is a very hard worker and everything that he has done throughout his life has gotten him to where he is today. My dad is the type of person who doesnt give up and finishes what he starts without hesitation. In this situation, my dads Karma is obvious; he works hard for what he wants, he doesnt expect hinges to be handed to him and in return his hard work has provided a beautiful home, a cabin up north, and a secure life for our family and a future for him and my mom in their retirement. I admire his work ethic and know that everything he has earned is because of his hard work. As I grew up as a kid I was raised to have respect for my peers, authority, and myself. I learned that once you give respect to someone, they give you respect back. When I was in high school there seemed to be more drama than usual. It Just so happened that this group of girls didnt like me. They were always rude, said mean things and didnt think before they spoke and I was often hurt by their remarks. Although I wanted to say things back to them Just so they could hurt like they were hurting me, I remembered the saying, what goes around, comes around and I wanted to be the bigger person and not say anything to them at all and Just let it go. I believed in Karma enough Just to keep my negative words to myself and continue to work at being kind. I knew that one day they would feel the way that they made me feel and my hope was they would learn to respect people the way they should. Being an honest person is always the best thing to do. I was also raised to be honest about things and not lie. If I ever did anything wrong, I was told to admit my wrong doing, apologize, and move on. One day my mom had bought new coasters for our tables in the basement. She was so excited because they matched really well. I had my friend Adrian over and we were messing around and I had fell into the table and the coasters fell onto the cement and broke. I hurried up to get the pieces to horror them in the trash, but then I thought about it and decided that lying wasnt worth getting in trouble for because it would come back ten times worse. When I had told my mom the truth, she wasnt mad that I had broken them and she was proud of me for telling the truth. For a teenager friendship is one of the most important things. You always want someone who is going to be reliable, honest and trustworthy. I thought I had that type AT Eternal out I was proved wrong. One clay something Log napped to me Ana I had to tell one of my best friends about it. When I told her my secret I asked that she didnt tell anyone and of course she agreed and said yes, so I believed her. A few weeks later the secret I had told her came right back to me from other people. I felt betrayed because I had so much trust into this person and she told people about what happened to me. I decided that I couldnt trust her anymore so I wasnt going to be her friend. I believe that Karma affected her because she lost a friend over something she knew she shouldnt have done. Also because now people know that he is not very trustworthy so it will take her a long time to earn anyones trust. I believe that Karma will affect everyone at some point in their lives. Although many people believe that is it the underhanded people or dishonest people that get what they want but I disagree and believe that they will get what they deserve. People who lie and cheat the system will always get caught. People, who treat others badly, will also get treated that way and people who disrespect others will inevitably be disrespected. Nothing is ever free or easy and Karma can either be your friend or your enemy.

How to Write a Graduate Essay

How to Write a Graduate Essay There are several useful essay writing tips for students about how to write a graduate essay. Writing a good graduate essay requires from each student good writing skills,  imagination and patience. Before graduating they have to be succeed in writing any assignments and academic papers. In a graduate essay, we deal with the four parts. Which are Introduction, the Main body, the Conclusion and the Outline. As compare to a school level essay graduate level essay require better words and more comprehensive detail, best quality of writing skills and compact link between paragraphs in the main body are main features of a graduate level essay. Normally, kids at school feel that essay writing is easy, and they can write an essay at any level. However, when they reached the graduation level they poorly failed to write effective essays. Students of a graduate level need to know that at this level they are basically required to write mature level essays. Students of graduation need to search about the subject given to them. They should put some arguments in their essays.In the introduction of the essay, it is important to make a general view of the clause. In the introduction we may also cover a little detail about the plans and the objects of the essay, and what we are going to discuss in the main body. It is of the highest importance for a good essay to have an affective and magnetic introduction as it deals with all the essay body and the main body of the essay depends totally on that paragraph. In the main body, they should discuss the prime topic or subject in relevant detail with proofs and arguments. The graduate essay must focus on all the arguments discussed on the local introduction like a social issue or a debate or a speech. It should be kept in the active mind that the essay should be analysed more critically and examined from all the aspects both the positive and the negative impacts of the certain issue must me discussed in great detail in order to clear the issue stated in the article . Ultimately, the conclusion is the main juice of the essay like the introduction it also bears a vital importance. In the introduction we must include the results. The essay writers opinion either negative or the positive should be stated in that part of the essay. While writing the introduction it must be kept in mind that the discussions stated in the main body should not be ignored and the conclusion must be extracted from the main body. The outline and the key points can be most simply taken as the contents to be discussed in the essay. While choosing the degrees of the outline one must be very careful in order to state al relevant information needed for a graduate essay.

The notion of speech personality Essays

The notion of speech personality Essays The notion of speech personality Paper The notion of speech personality Paper The first reference to speech personality was made by L.Weisgerber. In Russian linguistics the term was introduced in the early 30s by V.V.Vinogradov. In the same period such question was discussed by Humboldtians (L. Weisgerber). Later the notion of speech personality was investigated by a range of prominent scholars, such as Yu.N. Karaulov, V.I. Karasik, O.B. Sirotinina and others. Besides, this problem is interdisciplinary, since it covers the areas traditionally studied not only by linguists, but also by psychologists and psycholinguists. Yu. Karaulov in his monograph Russian Language and Language Personality elaborated his own original methodology of reconstructing speech personality, which he defines as a personality expressed in the language and through the language; it is a combination of abilities and characteristics of a person that stipulates production of speech texts that differ in: a) degree of linguo-structural complexity; b) depth and accuracy of reproducing reality; c) certain purposeful direction. (Tr. V.T.) [1; p.3] He worked out the structure of speech personality which consists of three levels: 1) Zero level verbally semantic level or lexicon. This level represents : units: readiness to nomination, word choice, using another languages lexis, having working knowledge of special terminology; verbal grid: ability to perceive grammar structures, oral and written speech, right spelling; stereotypes: everyday speech, readiness to monolog, patterns and cliches. 2) First level linguo-cognitive level, represented by a thesaurus of speech personality: units: ideas and concepts which are combined in a well organized and systematized world picture of a certain speech personality which reflects his or her values and outlook; thesaurus includes readiness to make modal statement, argue, combine conversational terms and improvise; stereotypes: ability to use inner speech in accordance to transfer the context of others people speech. 3) Second level motivational, pragmatic level reflects pragmaticon of personality, the system of interests and motives etc. of a certain person in the process of communicative activity (communicative roles and spheres) [2; p. 20]. Combination of these three levels of speech personality gives us an opportunity to describe formal means of expression, to investigate the communicative activity and to study speech personality as a whole. However, we should take into consideration that these levels are distinguished hypothetically. In everyday life we observe their diffusion and interdependence. This Karaulovs three-tier structure of speech personality reflects general type of personality which includes such components: 1) moral component system of values and beliefs; 2) culturological component level of cultural awareness; 3) personal component level of individuality [2; p. 123]. Besides the notion of speech personality we also consider the notion of idiolect. A persons idiolect is his or her own personal language, the words they choose and any other features that characterise their speech. The term idiolect is intended to mark the notion of a language which is not the language of a community (sociolect) but rather of an individual, taking into consideration that some people have distinctive features in their language; these would be part of their idiolect, their individual linguistic choices and idiosyncrasies. Every idiolect includes the vocabulary appropriate to a persons various interests and activities, pronunciation which reflects the region in which we live or have lived, and variable styles of speaking that depend on whom we are addressing. It is the way each person groups his/her words or phrases in a sentence to convey a thought. Every speaker has a very rich active vocabulary built up over many years, which differs from the vocabularies of other people not only in terms of actual items but also in preferences for selecting certain items. Consequently, an idiolect is unique to each person, because each of us belongs to different social classes, we all speak a language variety. Thus we can say that the systemic research of verbal communicative behaviour of a person gives an opportunity to reveal speech personality, which in its turn is a clue to revealing personality or individuality as a whole.

The color purple Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The color purple - Research Paper Example It'd kill your mammy" (1). What Celie is forbidden to articulate publicly is her repeated rape by the man she believes to be her father; this violation of both Celie's body and her voice speaks of an underlying socio-linguistic censorship that relegates the female subject to an objectified position, as passive, absent, and silent. In this paradigm the maternal must be sacrificed if the subject is to speak. The relationship between Celie and Alphonso illustrates this phenomenon, as the paternal interdiction relies upon the premise that if Celie speaks, she is forsaking her "mammy" (1). Celie comes to represent this forced contract between a woman and the Law of the Father, where a female's body, spirit, and speech are sacrificed in an act of socio-symbolic rape; however, as Celie's subversive authorship suggests, it is a sacrifice she is unwilling to make. In her article "Women's Time," Julia Kristeva speaks of the role language plays in violating female subjectivity; she states, "a n ew generation of women is showing that its major social concern has become the socio-symbolic contract as a sacrificial contract, †¦that they are forced to experience this sacrificial contract against their will" (Kristeva’ ‘Women’s Time’ 25). ... e, identification with the sacrificial logic of separation and syntactical sequence at the foundation of language and the social code leads to the rejection of the symbolic--lived as the rejection of the paternal function and ultimately generating psychoses" (Kristeva’ ‘Women’s Time’ 25). The psychoses that Kristeva identifies can be seen as reflecting hysterical discontent, as a conflict of gender that is realized through linguistic disruption. Kristeva posits two possible strategies to counter the exclusion and silence experienced by women: the first, to attempt to possess the symbolic by adopting the dominant ideology; the second, to approach language as a "personal affect experienced when facing it as subject and as a woman" (Kristeva’ ‘Women’s Time’ 24). Such an approach suggests a need to "break the code, to shatter language, to find a specific discourse closer to the body and emotions, to the unnamable repressed by the soci al contract" (Kristeva’ ‘Women’s Time’ 24-25). Kristeva's perspective of language posits a revolt against the exclusion of the symbolic contract. In About Chinese Women, Kristeva identifies women as able "to give a name" to the repressed, as able to restore the body back to a place of significance (Kristeva ‘About Chinese Women’ 30-35). In this context, the body becomes intertwined with Kristeva's notion of the semiotic, as a sort of expression that exists outside of the symbolic, preceding language while simultaneously existing within language, albeit in a repressed form. Semiotic discourse moves beyond the symbolic by opposing structures of exclusion. The mother-child bond becomes the definitive relationship of semiotic discourse, as it exists beyond binary differences of gender and sexuality. When viewed in this